McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
Tai YT. Adverse effects from traditional Chinese medicine. Lancet 1993;341:892.
Tai YT, But PP, Young K, et al. Cardiotoxicity after accidental herb-induced aconite poisoning. Lancet 1992;340:1254-6.
Fatovich DM. Aconite: a lethal Chinese herb. Ann Emerg Med 1992;21:309-11.
Tomlinson B, Chan TY, Chan JC, Critchley JA. Herb-induced aconite poisoning. Lancet 1993;341:370-1. .
Chan TY, Tomlinson B, Critchley JA. Aconitine poisoning following the ingestion of Chinese herbal medicines: a report of eight cases. Aust N Z J Med 1993;23:268-71.
Yeih DF, Chiang FT, Huang SKS. Successful treatment of aconitine induced life threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmia with amiodarone. Heart 2000;84:E8.
But PP, Tai YT, Young K. Three fatal cases of herbal aconite poisoning. Vet Hum Toxicol 1994;36:212-5.
Feldkamp A, Koster B, Weber HP. [Fatal poisoning caused by aconite monk's hood]. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 1991;139:366-7.
Lininger S. The Natural Pharmacy. Prima Health. Rocklin, CA: 1998.
Lin CC, Chan TY, Deng JF. Clinical features and management of herb-induced aconitine poisoning. Ann Emerg Med 2004;43:574-9.
Yamada K, Suzuki E, Nakaki T, et al. Aconiti tuber increases plasma nitrite and nitrate levels in humans. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005;96:165-9.
Poon WT, Lai CK, Ching CK, et al. Aconite poisoning in camouflage. Hong Kong Med J 2006;12:456-9.
Bao YX, Yu GR, Xu JM, et al. Effect of acute higenamine administration on bradyarrhythmias and HIS bundle. A clinical study of 14 cases and animal experiment on dogs. Chin Med J 1982;95:781-4.
Yoshioka N, Gonmori K, Tagashira A, et al. A case of aconitine poisoning with analysis of aconitine alkaloids by GC/SIM. Forensic Sci Int. 1996 Aug 15;81(2-3):117-23.
Guha, S., Dawn, B., Dutta, G., Chakraborty, T., and Pain, S. Bradycardia, reversible panconduction defect and syncope following self-medication with a homeopathic medicine. Cardiology 1999;91(4):268-271.
Imazio, M., Belli, R., Pomari, F., Cecchi, E., Chinaglia, A., Gaschino, G., Ghisio, A., Trinchero, R., and Brusca, A. Malignant ventricular arrhythmias due to Aconitum napellus seeds. Circulation 12-5-2000;102(23):2907-2908.
Telang, B. V. and Ng'ang'a, J. N. Involvement of Central adrenergic mechanisms in the induction of cardiac arrhythmias by aconitine nitrate administered intraventricularly. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 1975;19(1):1-10.
Lin, C. C., Chou, H. L., and Lin, J. L. Acute aconitine poisoned patients with ventricular arrhythmias successfully reversed by charcoal hemoperfusion. Am J Emerg.Med 2002;20(1):66-67.
Gaibazzi, N., Gelmini, G. P., Montresor, G., Canel, D., Comini, T., Fracalossi, C., Martinetti, C., Poeta, M. L., and Ziacchi, V. [Long QRS tachycardia secondary to Aconitum napellus alkaloid ingestion]. Ital.Heart J.Suppl 2002;3(8):874-877.
Sorensen, B. [Poisoning with Aconitum napellus (monkshood)]. Ugeskr.Laeger 5-12-2003;165(20):2109-2110.
FFRENCH, G. Aconitine-induced cardiac arrhythmia. Br Heart J 1958;20(1):140-142.
Tai, Y. T., Lau, C. P., But, P. P., Fong, P. C., and Li, J. P. Bidirectional tachycardia induced by herbal aconite poisoning. Pacing Clin.Electrophysiol. 1992;15(5):831-839.
Lowe, L., Matteucci, M. J., and Schneir, A. B. Herbal aconite tea and refractory ventricular tachycardia. N.Engl.J Med 10-6-2005;353(14):1532.
Alibeu, J. P. and Jobert, J. [Aconite in homeopathic relief of post-operative pain and agitation in children]. Pediatrie. 1990;45(7-8):465-466.
Chen, H. C., Hsieh, M. T., Chang, S. S., and Liu, S. L. Long-term reno-cardiovascular effects of orally administered aconiti tuber in humans. Am J Chin Med 1990;18(1-2):25-33.
Mori, A., Mukaida, M., Ishiyama, I., Hori, J., Okada, Y., Sasaki, M., Mii, K., and Mizugaki, M. [Homicidal poisoning by aconite: report of a case from the viewpoint of clinical forensic medicine]. Nippon Hoigaku Zasshi 1990;44(4):352-357.
Zheng, P. and Yang, Y. R. [Site of analgesic action of aconitine and the relation between its action and the central noradrenergic system]. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue.Bao. 1988;9(6):481-485.
Mack, R. B. Play it again, Voltaire--aconite (Monkshood) poisoning. N.C.Med.J. 1985;46(10):518-519.
Agarwal, B. L., Agarwal, R. K., and Misra, D. N. Malignant Arrhythmias Induced by Accidental Aconite Poisoning. Indian Heart J 1977;29(5):246-248.
Zhou, Y. P., Liu, W. H., Zeng, G. Y., Chen, D. H., Li, H. Y., and Song, W. L. [The toxicity of aconitine and its analogs and their effects on cardiac contractile function]. Yao Xue.Xue.Bao. 1984;19(9):641-646.
Liu, X. J., Wagner, H. N., Jr., and Tao, S. Measurement of effects of the Chinese herbal medicine higenamine on left ventricular function using a cardiac probe. Eur.J Nucl.Med 1983;8(6):233-236.
Saito, H., Ueyama, T., Naka, N., Yagi, J., and Okamoto, T. Pharmacological studies of ignavine, an aconitum alkaloid. Chem.Pharm Bull.(Tokyo) 1982;30(5):1844-1850.
Hikino, H., Konno, C., Takata, H., Yamada, Y., Yamada, C., Ohizumi, Y., Sugio, K., and Fujimura, H. Antiinflammatory principles of Aconitum roots. J Pharmacobiodyn. 1980;3(10):514-525.
Dickens, P., Tai, Y. T., But, P. P., Tomlinson, B., Ng, H. K., and Yan, K. W. Fatal accidental aconitine poisoning following ingestion of Chinese herbal medicine: a report of two cases. Forensic Sci Int 6-28-1994;67(1):55-58.
Chan, T. Y., Tomlinson, B., Critchley, J. A., and Cockram, C. S. Herb-induced aconitine poisoning presenting as tetraplegia. Vet.Hum.Toxicol. 1994;36(2):133-134.
Chan, T. Y., Tomlinson, B., Chan, W. W., Yeung, V. T., and Tse, L. K. A case of acute aconitine poisoning caused by chuanwu and caowu. J Trop.Med Hyg. 1993;96(1):62-63.
Yoshioka, N., Gonmori, K., Tagashira, A., Boonhooi, O., Hayashi, M., Saito, Y., and Mizugaki, M. A case of aconitine poisoning with analysis of aconitine alkaloids by GC/SIM. Forensic Sci.Int. 8-15-1996;81(2-3):117-123.
Kimura, I., Takada, M., and Nojima, H. Aconitine induces bradycardia through a transmission pathway including the anterior hypothalamus in conscious mice. Biol.Pharm Bull. 1997;20(8):856-860.
Mizugaki, M., Ito, K., Ohyama, Y., Konishi, Y., Tanaka, S., and Kurasawa, K. Quantitative analysis of Aconitum alkaloids in the urine and serum of a male attempting suicide by oral intake of aconite extract. J.Anal.Toxicol. 1998;22(4):336-340.
Beals-Becker L. Aconite - Arnica for the eyes. Alt-Health Watch 1996;16(1):19.
Chan TY. Aconite poisoning following the percutaneous absorption of Aconitum alkaloids. Forensic Sci Int. 2012 Nov 30;223(1-3):25-7.
Chan TY. Aconitum Alkaloid Poisoning Because of Contamination of Herbs by Aconite Roots. Phytother Res. 2016 Jan;30(1):3-8.
Li H, Liu L, Zhu S, Liu Q. Case reports of aconite poisoning in mainland China from 2004 to 2015: A retrospective analysis. J Forensic Leg Med. 2016 May 25;42:68-73.
Sarkar PK, Prajapati PK, Shukla VJ, Ravishankar B. Effect of shodhana treatment on chronic toxicity and recovery of aconite. Toxicol Int. 2012 Jan;19(1):35-41.
Suzuki T, Miyamoto K, Yokoyama N, Sugi M, Kagioka A, Kitao Y, Adachi T, Ohsawa M, Mizukami H, Makino T. Processed aconite root and its active ingredient neoline may alleviate oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathic pain. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016 Jun 20;186:44-52.
Zhao D, Wang J, Cui Y, Wu X. Pharmacological effects of Chinese herb aconite (fuzi) on cardiovascular system. J Tradit Chin Med. 2012 Sep;32(3):308-13.
Nyirimigabo E, Xu Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Agyemang K, Zhang Y. A review on phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology studies of Aconitum. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2015 Jan;67(1):1-19.
Zhang N, Lian Z, Peng X, Li Z, Zhu H. Applications of Higenamine in pharmacology and medicine. J Ethnopharmacol. 2017;196:242-252.
Ma W, Wang W, Huang X, et al. HPLC-MS/MS analysis of Aconiti Lateralis radix praeparata and its combination with red ginseng effect on rat CYP450 activities using the cocktail approach. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2020 Mar 9;2020:8603934.
Wood C, Coulson J, Thompson J, Bonner S. An intentional aconite overdose: a case report. J Crit Care Med (Targu Mures) 2020;6(2):124-9.
Bonanno G, Ippolito M, Moscarelli A, et al. Accidental poisoning with aconitum: case report and review of the literature. Clin Case Rep 2020;8(4):696-8.
He Y, Wei Z, Ci X, et al. Effects of liquorice on pharmacokinetics of aconitine in rats. Xenobiotica 2019;49(12):1485-93.
Blasco Mariño R, Pacheco Reyes A, Canel Micheloud C, Soteras Martínez I. Cardiac Arrest by Aconite Poisoning. Wilderness Environ Med 2021;32(3):415-417.
Zhou C, Luo S, Tang J, Quick L, Liu H, Zhao Y. Poisoning Associated with Consumption of a Homemade Medicinal Liquor - Chongqing, China, 2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022;71(16):569-573.
Shi S, Wang F, Chen B, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Shenfu Injection for Severe Pneumonia in the Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Based on Western and Eastern Medicine. Front Pharmacol 2022;13:779942.
Loo G, Yong TH, Yeo C. A case report of bidirectional ventricular tachycardia secondary to aconitum toxicity. J Arrhythm 2022;38(3):451-453.
Majumder MI, Mahadi AR, Rahman OU, Roy BK, Shihab HM. Accidental poisoning with aconite overdose: A case report and resuscitative emergency management in a tertiary level hospital of Bangladesh. Clin Case Rep 2023;11(9):e7845.
Matsuo C, Yamamoto K, Fukushima H, Yajima D, Inoue H. Recurrent ventricular arrhythmia due to aconite intoxication successfully treated with landiolol: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2023;11(22):5303-5308.
Xing Z, Yang C, He J, et al. Cardioprotective Effects of Aconite in Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Rats. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2022;2022:1090893.
CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. This information may not fit your specific health circumstances. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified health care provider because of something you have read on WebMD. You should always speak with your doctor or health care professional before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your health care plan or treatment and to determine what course of therapy is right for you.
This copyrighted material is licensed from Therapeutic Research Center, LLC. Information from this source is evidence-based and objective, and without commercial influence. For professional medical information on natural medicines, see Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Professional Version.
Licensed from Therapeutic Research Center, LLC
Copyright © 1995-2025 by Therapeutic Research Center, LLC. All Rights Reserved.