Blumenthal M, ed. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Trans. S. Klein. Boston, MA: American Botanical Council, 1998.
Schulz V, Hansel R, Tyler VE. Rational Phytotherapy: A Physician's Guide to Herbal Medicine. Terry C. Telger, transl. 3rd ed. Berlin, GER: Springer, 1998.
Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
Benito M, Jorro G, Morales C, et al. Labiatae allergy: systemic reactions due to ingestion of oregano and thyme. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1996;76:416-8.
Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
Fetrow CW, Avila JR. Professional's Handbook of Complementary & Alternative Medicines. 1st ed. Springhouse, PA: Springhouse Corp., 1999.
Nakatani, N. Phenolic antioxidants from herbs and spices. Biofactors 2000;13(1-4):141-146.
Orhan, I., Kartal, M., Kan, Y., and Sener, B. Activity of essential oils and individual components against acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase. Z.Naturforsch.C. 2008;63(7-8):547-553.
Farkas, J. Perioral dermatitis from marjoram, bay leaf and cinnamon. Contact Dermatitis 1981;7(2):121.
Rau, O., Wurglics, M., Dingermann, T., Abdel-Tawab, M., and Schubert-Zsilavecz, M. Screening of herbal extracts for activation of the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. Pharmazie 2006;61(11):952-956.
Anderson C, Lis-Balchin M, Kirk-Smith M. Evaluation of massage with essential oils on childhood atopic eczema. Phytother Res 2000;14(6):452-6.
Ou, M. C., Hsu, T. F., Lai, A. C., Lin, Y. T., and Lin, C. C. Pain relief assessment by aromatic essential oil massage on outpatients with primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. J Obstet.Gynaecol.Res 2012;38(5):817-822.
Triantaphyllou, K., Blekas, G., and Boskou, D. Antioxidative properties of water extracts obtained from herbs of the species Lamiaceae. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2001;52(4):313-317.
Ozbayer, C., Degirmenci, I., and Kurt, H. Antioxidant and free radical-scavenging properties of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) extracts and L-NNA in streptozotocine-nicotinamide induced diabetic rat liver [Turkish]. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences 2011;31(1):51-60.
Chung, Y. K., Heo, H. J., Kim, E. K., Kim, H. K., Huh, T. L., Lim, Y., Kim, S. K., and Shin, D. H. Inhibitory effect of ursolic acid purified from Origanum majorana L on the acetylcholinesterase. Mol.Cells 4-30-2001;11(2):137-143.
Heo, H. J., Cho, H. Y., Hong, B., Kim, H. K., Heo, T. R., Kim, E. K., Kim, S. K., Kim, C. J., and Shin, D. H. Ursolic acid of Origanum majorana L. reduces Abeta-induced oxidative injury. Mol.Cells 2-28-2002;13(1):5-11.
Rodrigues, M. R., Caramao, E. B., Arce, L., Rios, A., and Valcarcel, M. Determination of monoterpene hydrocarbons and alcohols in Majorana hortensis Moench by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatographic. J Agric Food Chem 7-17-2002;50(15):4215-4220.
Vagi, E., Rapavi, E., Hadolin, M., Vasarhelyine, Peredi K., Balazs, A., Blazovics, A., and Simandi, B. Phenolic and triterpenoid antioxidants from Origanum majorana L. herb and extracts obtained with different solvents. J Agric Food Chem 1-12-2005;53(1):17-21.
Sarer, E., Scheffer, J. J., and Baerheim, Svendsen A. Monoterpenes in the Essential Oil of Origanum majorana. Planta Med 1982;46(12):236-239.
Leeja, L. and Thoppil, J. E. Antimicrobial activity of methanol extract of Origanum majorana L. (Sweet marjoram). J Environ.Biol 2007;28(1):145-146.
Yazdanparast, R. and Shahriyary, L. Comparative effects of Artemisia dracunculus, Satureja hortensis and Origanum majorana on inhibition of blood platelet adhesion, aggregation and secretion. Vascul.Pharmacol 2008;48(1):32-37.
Petr, J., Vitkova, K., Ranc, V., Znaleziona, J., Maier, V., Knob, R., and Sevcik, J. Determination of some phenolic acids in Majorana hortensis by capillary electrophoresis with online electrokinetic preconcentration. J.Agric.Food Chem. 6-11-2008;56(11):3940-3944.
Al Howiriny, T., Alsheikh, A., Alqasoumi, S., Al Yahya, M., ElTahir, K., and Rafatullah, S. Protective Effect of Origanum majorana L. 'Marjoram' on various models of gastric mucosal injury in rats. Am.J.Chin Med. 2009;37(3):531-545.
Lamien-Meda, A., Lukas, B., Schmiderer, C., Franz, C., and Novak, J. Validation of a quantitative assay of arbutin using gas chromatography in Origanum majorana and Arctostaphylos uva-ursi extracts. Phytochem.Anal. 2009;20(5):416-420.
Abdel-Massih, R. M., Fares, R., Bazzi, S., El Chami, N., and Baydoun, E. The apoptotic and anti-proliferative activity of Origanum majorana extracts on human leukemic cell line. Leuk.Res. 2010;34(8):1052-1056.
Mohamed MS, Saad HH, and Abd El Khalek MG. Daily consumption of marjoram oil improve the health status of patients with asthma. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 2008;7(2):312-316.
Etienne JJ. Putting oils to the test. Soap, Perfumery and Cosmetics (England). 1997;70:45-46.
Klekamp BG, Bodager D, Matthews SD. Use of surveillance systems in detection of a ciguatera fish poisoning outbreak - Orange cCounty, Florida, 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64(40):1142-4.
Bina F, Rahimi R. Sweet marjoram: a review of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and biological activities. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2017;22(1):175-85.
Haj-Husein I, Tukan S, Alkazaleh F. The effect of marjoram (Origanum majorana) tea on the hormonal profile of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled pilot study. J Hum Nutr Diet 2016;29(1):105-11.
Waller SB, Madrid IM, Hoffmann JF, et al. Chemical composition and cytotoxicity of extracts of marjoram and rosemary and their activity against Sporothrix brasiliensis. J Med Microbiol 2017;66(7):1076-83.
Okazaki, K., Nakayama, S., Kawazoe, K., Takaishi, Y. 1998. Antiaggregant effects on human platelets of culinary herbs. Phytother Res 1998;12(8):603-5.
Lukas B, Schmiderer C, Mitteregger U, Novak J. Arbutin in marjoram and oregano. Food Chem 2010;121(1):185-90.
Amaghnouje A, Mechchate H, Es-Safi I, et al. Subacute assessment of the toxicity and antidepressant-like effects of Origanum majorana l. polyphenols in Swiss albino mice. Molecules. 2020 Nov 30;25(23):5653.
Chahra C, Anis H, Bissene D, et al. The effect of Origanum majorana tea on motor and non-motor symptoms in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease: A randomized controlled pilot study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2021 Oct;91:23-7.
Granado M, González-Hedström D, Amor S, et al. Marjoram extract prevents ischemia reperfusion-induced myocardial damage and exerts anti-contractile effects in aorta segments of male wistar rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2022 Jan 10;282:114660.