Halpern GM, Prindiville T, Blankenburg M, et al. Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with Lacteol Fort: a randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial. Am J Gastroenterol 1996;91:1579-85.
Canducci F, Armuzzi A, Cremonini F, et al. A lyophilized and inactivated culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus increases Helicobacter pylori eradication rates. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2000;14:1625-9.
Moyad MA, Robinson LE, Zawada ET Jr, et al. Effects of a modified yeast supplement on cold/flu symptoms. Urol Nurs 2008;28:50-5.
Szajewska H, Ruszczynski M, Kolacek S. Meta-analysis shows limited evidence for using Lactobacillus acidophilus LB to treat acute gastroenteritis in children. Acta Paediatr. 2014;103(3):249-55.
Moyad MA, Robinson LE, Kittelsrud JM, et al. Immunogenic yeast-based fermentation product reduces allergic rhinitis-induced nasal congestion: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Adv Ther. 2009;26(8):795-804.
Moyad MA, Robinson LE, Zawada ET, et al. Immunogenic yeast-based fermentate for cold/flu-like symptoms in nonvaccinated individuals. J Altern Complement Med. 2010;16(2):213-218.
Martinelli M, Ummarino D, Giugliano FP, et al. Efficacy of a standardized extract of Matricariae chamomilla L., Melissa officinalis L. and tyndallized Lactobacillus acidophilus (HA122) in infantile colic: an open randomized controlled trial. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2017 Dec;29:e13145.
Nishida K, Sawada D, Kuwano Y, Tanaka H, Rokutan K. Health Benefits of Lactobacillus gasseri CP2305 Tablets in Young Adults Exposed to Chronic Stress: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients. 2019;11(8). pii: E1859.
Yan DC, Hung CH, Sy LB, et al. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial Assessing the Oral Administration of a Heat-Treated Lactobacillus paracasei ?Supplement in Infants with Atopic Dermatitis Receiving Topical Corticosteroid Therapy. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2019;32(4):201-211.
Andresen V, Gschossmann J, Layer P. Heat-inactivated Bifidobacterium bifidum MIMBb75 (SYN-HI-001) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;5(7):658-666.
Salminen, S., Collado, M.C., Endo, A. et al. The International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of postbiotics. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. May 2021.
Marcinczyk N, Golaszewska A, Gromotowicz-Poplawska A, et al. Multidirectional effects of tormentil extract on hemostasis in experimental diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2021;12:682987.
Yang C, Liang L, Lv P, et al. Effects of non-viable Lactobacillus reuteri combining with 14-day standard triple therapy on Helicobacter pylori eradication: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Helicobacter 2021;26(6):e12856.
Jeong K, Kim M, Jeon SA, Kim YH, Lee S. A randomized trial of Lactobacillus rhamnosus IDCC 3201 tyndallizate (RHT3201) for treating atopic dermatitis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2020;31(7):783-792.
Kirjavainen PV, Salminen SJ, Isolauri E. Probiotic bacteria in the management of atopic disease: underscoring the importance of viability. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2003;36(2):223-7.
Nakai H, Murosaki S, Yamamoto Y, Furutani M, Matsuoka R, Hirose Y. Safety and efficacy of using heat-killed Lactobacillus plantarum L-137: High-dose and long-term use effects on immune-related safety and intestinal bacterial flora. J Immunotoxicol. 2021;18(1):127-135.
Peng GC, Hsu CH. The efficacy and safety of heat-killed Lactobacillus paracasei for treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis induced by house-dust mite. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2005;16(5):433-8.
Tanaka Y, Hirose Y, Yamamoto Y, Yoshikai Y, Murosaki S. Daily intake of heat-killed Lactobacillus plantarum L-137 improves inflammation and lipid metabolism in overweight healthy adults: a randomized-controlled trial. Eur J Nutr. 2020;59(6):2641-2649.
Tarrerias AL, Costil V, Vicari F, et al. The effect of inactivated Lactobacillus LB fermented culture medium on symptom severity: observational investigation in 297 patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Dig Dis. 2011;29(6):588-91.
Xiao SD, Zhang DZ, Lu H, et al. Multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus LB in patients with chronic diarrhea. Adv Ther. 2003;20(5):253-60.
Hsieh MC, Tsai WH, Jheng YP, et al. The beneficial effects of Lactobacillus reuteri ADR-1 or ADR-3 consumption on type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):16791.
Hoffman JR, Hoffman MW, Zelicha H, ET AL. The Effect of 2 Weeks of Inactivated Probiotic Bacillus coagulans on endocrine, inflammatory, and performance responses during self-defense training in soldiers. J Strength Cond Res. 2019;33(9):2330-2337.
Aguilar-Toalá JE, Arioli S, Behare P, et al. Postbiotics - when simplification fails to clarify. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021;18(11):825-826.
Morniroli D, Vizzari G, Consales A, Mosca F, Giannì ML. Postbiotic Supplementation for Children and Newborn's Health. Nutrients 2021;13(3):781.
Sugahara H, Yao R, Odamaki T, Xiao JZ. Differences between live and heat-killed bifidobacteria in the regulation of immune function and the intestinal environment. Benef Microbes 2017;8(3):463-472.
Bellaiche M, Ludwig T, Arciszewska M, et al. Safety and Tolerance of a Novel Anti-Regurgitation Formula: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021;73(5):579-585.
Salva S, Tiscornia I, Gutiérrez F, Alvarez S, Bollati-Fogolín M. Lactobacillus rhamnosus postbiotic-induced immunomodulation as safer alternative to the use of live bacteria. Cytokine 2021;146:155631.
Salminen S, Collado MC, Endo A, et al. Reply to: Postbiotics - when simplification fails to clarify. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;18(11):827-828.
Rather IA, Kim BC, Lew LC, et al. Oral administration of live and dead cells of Lactobacillus sakei proBio65 alleviated atopic dermatitis in children and adolescents: a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2021;13(2):315-326.